Beyond the Masks: Understanding Yoruba Masquerades and the Egungun Festival

A masquerade ceremony is a cultural or religious event marked by the wearing of masks — a tradition that dates back from prehistoric times to the present day. For many who grew up in Nigeria, masquerades are often associated with feelings of fear and excitement. Their mysterious aura, the commotion of their entourage, and the occasional use of whips are vivid images deeply ingrained in childhood memories. Across Nigeria, masquerades are far more than gatherings of individuals in elaborate masks and costumes. They serve a profound purpose as spiritual intermediaries, often regarded as the mouthpiece of the creator. While the performers are clearly human, the tradition views them as vessels through which people connect with the divine and honor the souls and memories of their ancestors. This centuries-old practice plays a key role in upholding moral and judicial values, guiding the present and shaping the future through the wisdom of the past. In Southwestern Nigeria, among the Yoruba people, masquerades are known as Egungun (or Eegun for short). The Yorubas’ accord them ara orun (literally, the one from heaven). This explains the deeply rooted belief in the masquerades as an ancestor and not just a mere fashion show. You can learn more about Egungun festival in Yorubaland on our Youtube page